Diabetes Self Management in Adults Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diabetes Self - Management in Adults. Answer: Research plan Research aim: To investigate the factors influencing type 2 diabetes self-management in adults. Some of the factors that affect health care and could require further research are education, social support, self-determination, technology and socioeconomic status. Besides, external factors such as provider issues require further research. The expected outcome is that personal factors have a significant effect on diabetic self-management. Research question: How do adults diagnosed with diabetes perceive self-management based on education level, social support, self-determination, technology, and socioeconomic status influence during their stay at home? The PICOT question is meaning. P is Adults I is diabetes O is self-management T is stay at home Method: A cross-sectional study. 200 patients with diabetes were involved in this study. Questionnaires were used to collect data on diabetes knowledge, the level of social support, use of technology and diabetes self-management efficacy. Gender and age were an important consideration in this study. There were 100 women and 100 men with an average age of 55 years. Individuals were selected from different socioeconomic backgrounds to represent the whole population. However, variables such as emotions and physiology were not an important in this study. Literature review Kueh et al. (2015) examined the link between diabetes education, perspectives, self-care, and quality of life. Their researcher comprised of 291 individuals who were suffering from type 2 diabetes. They used questionnaires to gather data from the participants, and the information was analyzed with the path analysis. There were several limitations in this study. Convenience sampling was used in the methodology and candidates were volunteers. Due to these limitations, it was uncertain whether the results could be used to represent the general public. The research revealed that diabetes knowledge was an important determinant for self-management. Patients with diabetes knowledge had better skills of self-management. These patients had the knowledge of blood glucose testing and diet. It is linked to the topic of study because the researchers examined factors that impact the ability for self-management. The outcomes of this study were disseminated through an academic publication on BioMed Central. Wilkinson, Whitehead, Ritchie (2014), did a study to determine the issues that impact a patients capacity to self-care in adults with diabetes. The researcher analyzed data from peer reviewed articles that were gathered from health science databases. In the methodology, the study extracted and analyzed the findings against the JBI quality appraisal. The main barrier of this research was the utilization of secondary data, which is prone to errors. Support, personal factors, education, and communication, were found to be the primary issues that affect a patients capacity to self-care. This research is related to the study topic because it elaborates the issues that influence a persons capacity to care for themselves when diagnosed with diabetes. The findings of this research were disseminated through an academic article. Shigaki et al. (2010) did a study to explore the relation between diabetes self-care and autonomous motivation among people with diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether self-determination had impacts on diabetes self-care. The methodology involved selection of individuals from outpatient departments with a mean age of 63 years. Besides, the study included several other variables including health literacy, self-efficacy, and social support. The primary barrier in the study was the selection of individuals from the outpatient department. Also, the study focused on older individuals aged above 60 years. The results indicated that autonomous was the only factor that influenced self-care. Autonomy prompted individuals to adhere to the prescribed diets and blood glucose testing. The older adults were found to exercise fewer times compared to the young adults in self-care. These results are more efficient because the researchers used reliable tools such as the regression analysis. T he study by Shigaki and colleagues is linked to the topic of study because it included adults with diabetes and their ability for self-care. The results were disseminated through a scholarly paper on Chronic Illness Journal. Dhippayom Krass (2015) conducted a study to determine possible unsatisfied needs and analyze preferences for pharmacists-delivered support for type 2 diabetes. 32 individuals from Sydney with type 2 diabetes were involved in this study. The researchers collected data on the use of medication for these patients, and the data were transcribed and analyzed. The possible barrier of this research is partisanship. The patients who agreed to take part in the survey were limited to a specific region. Dhippayom Krass (2015) found that there were gaps in understanding self-management. Most of the individuals who took part in this study lacked substantial knowledge on self-management. This study is pertinent to the research topic because it identifies illiteracy as a key factor influencing diabetic self-management. The results were distributed through the Patient Prefer Adherence in Australia. Henderson et al. (2014) applied Bourdieu's ideas to identify the effect of structural inequalities on diabetes self-care. The study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from individuals who have diabetes. A total of 28 interviews were conducted during this study. Based on the findings, most people lacked both social and economic support for self-management. Cultural factors were also cited as important factors that impact diabetes self-management. The major limitation of this study is partisanship. It included individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds living in Adelaide, South Australia. This study is linked to the topic of study because it analyzes how economic and social factors influence diabetic self-management. The results of the study were disseminated through an academic journal known asNursing Inquiry. Hunt (2015) performed an integrative review to analyze the kinds of technologies being applied to advance diabetes self-management and the influence of these technologies on diabetes self-care. Hunt conducted the research with the aim of evaluating the application of technology in facilitating self-care in individuals with diabetes. The methodology entailed searching health databases including PubMed, Psych INFO, and Medline. Hunt included 14 articles in the study after excluding paper that used secondary data. The principal limitation of the study was the use of secondary data. Some information gotten from secondary sources might be incorrect. Hunt found that some technologies had positive effects on diabetes self-care. Specifically, technology was being used to educate the patients on managing their condition. The study concludes that technology is fundamental in improving self-management for diabetes patients. Hunts study is linked to my topic because it adds a new perspective in diabetes self-care, which is technology. The results were disseminated through a publication on the World Journal Diabetes. Research proposal Diabetes self-management in adults Type 2 diabetes is a significant burden in Australia and causes adverse health impacts to patients. Healthcare providers have made substantial efforts in developing treatment plans for diabetes. Self-care has the possibility to improve the patients condition and prevent the development of the complications linked to diabetes. This study examined the factors that impact diabetes self-management. The research involved 200 diabetes patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds. All the participants were aged between 50 and 60 years. Questionnaires were used to collect patients information. The results of this research are expected to be mixed. Personal and external factors impact diabetes self-management. The factors that are expected to impact diabetes self-care are socioeconomic status, diabetes education, self-determination, and social support. The limitations of this study were the use of participants from different socioeconomic backgrounds. This aspect insinuates that the results cannot be tailored to a specific group of people or locality. Project details Diabetes is a fundamental burden to the patients and healthcare system in Australia. In Australia, there are about 1.5 million adults who have been diagnosed with diabetes. It is estimated that that in 2025, there will be about 2.9 million people who have diabetes. Indigenous Australians have higher chances of being diagnosed with diabetes compared to non-Indigenous Australians (Keel et al., 2017). These statistics show that a large population has the risk of suffering from diabetes. The high incidence of diabetes requires providers to establish initiatives of addressing the associated adverse impacts. Research has discovered that there is an increase in the medical costs for diabetes due to hospitalization and readmission (Dungan, 2012). Besides, empirical evidence suggests that reducing readmission rates for patients with diabetes can lower health care costs as well as improve care (Rubin, 2015). Apart from, pharmacological treatment and lifestyle changes, self-management is import ant to manage the burden of diabetes in Australia. Diabetes self-management has been found to improve the complications associated with diabetes (Shah Garg, 2015). However, various factors impact the efficiency of diabetes self-care. Diabetes knowledge is among the most fundamental factors that impact self-management in diabetes patients. Advanced diabetes knowledge is positively linked to effective self-management (Kueh et al., 2015). Education on diabetes is important in self-management. Diabetes education is essential to impend or delay the complications associated with diabetes. The diabetes education includes training patients on appropriate diets, drug adherence and lifestyle modifications (Haas, 2012). Patients can receive this diabetes knowledge from their providers or diabetes educators. Once the patients are educated, they can monitor their blood glucose level, adopt physical activity and change their diet. Additionally, social support has been found to impact the efficiency of self-management. Diabetic patients who get solid social support have the ability for self-care (Henderson et al., 2014). Individuals who live alone might experience more adverse impacts than those who live with a partner or family. This aspect insinuates that people who are more engaged in the social activities have lower chances of experiencing adverse effects. Social support from family offers patients with pragmatic help which helps to improve their outcome. The family provides emotional and functional support that lowers the stress of living with illness (Miller DiMatteo, 2013). Another factor that impacts diabetes self-management is the self-determination. Self-determination causes diabetic patients to adhere to diet and medication (Shigaki et al., 2010). Autonomous causes patients to have a higher determination for self-care. Low autonomy support is linked to high diabetes distress. On the other hand, high autonomy support is associated with low diabetes distress (Mohn, 2015). Some patients fail to express the determination for self-care while others exhibit high determination for self-management. Hence, individuals who have low self-determination are likely to experience adverse impacts on diabetes self-management. Socioeconomic support further influences the efficiency of diabetes self-management. Diabetes patients who receive excellent socio-economic support have a high ability for self-care (Henderson et al., 2014). People from different socioeconomic have different experiences in diabetes self-management. Individuals from high socioeconomic backgrounds might have a better experience than those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Bootstrapping analysis revealed that there are substantial impacts of poverty on glycemic control (Houle, 2016). Poverty was linked to education levels and the ability for self-care. Evidently, people living in poverty tend to have lower levels of education and are unable to control the level of blood glucose. The final factor that has been found to impact diabetes self-management is technology. The adoption of technology has a significant effect on diabetes self-care (Hunt, 2015). Technology has opened avenues for educating diabetes on self-care. Additionally, patients can use mobile apps to monitor their progress and get more education on managing their conditions. Online disease management portals have been found to increase the access to information on chronic disease management (Urowitz, 2012). Telehealth has been found to promote diabetes management for individuals living in rural areas (Ciemins, 2011). Mobile technology has further proved effective in diabetes self-management. There are mobile applications that help diabetes patients to improve physical activity, diet, medication and glucose testing (El-Gayar, 2013). Research method This study examined the factors that impact diabetes self-management. The study was conducted for two months between September 2017 and December 2017. In September 2017, 200 diabetes patients were selected from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Studies have shown that a small number of patients is more effective in studying the elements that impact diabetes self-care. Random selection was applied to avoid partisanship. The participants should have an average age of 55 years. Hence, the study recruited individuals aged between 50 years and 60 years. The questionnaires were used to collect the patients views. Specifically, the questionnaire required the patients to input their age, place of residence, date, and factors that impact their ability for self-management. The factors that were examined during the study are education, social support, self-determination, technology and socio-economic status. The primary ethical issues that were considered in this research are informed consen t, beneficence, respect for autonomy and privacy. The participants who were willing to take part in the study were excluded. Also, the patients private information was not shared with third parties. This aspect promoted the integrity of the patients who were involved in the study. Conclusion This research paper has identified that diabetes self-management is fundamental in adults especially after discharge from hospital. There are different views and factors that impact diabetes self-management. Education level, social support, self-determination, technology, and socioeconomic status have been identified as the most important factors in this study. Several recommendations have been made to increase the quality of self-management in adults. Adults diagnosed with diabetes should be offered essential education, social support, and empowered economically for effective diabetic self-management. This strategy will help to improve self-management, prevent re-hospitalization and adverse outcomes such as death. References Ciemins, E., Coon, P., Peck, R., Holloway, B., Min, S. J. (2011). Using telehealth to provide diabetes care to patients in rural Montana: findings from the promoting realistic individual self-management program. TELEMEDICINE and e-HEALTH, 17(8), 596-602. Dhippayom, T., Krass, I. (2015). Supporting self-management of type 2 diabetes: is there a role for the community pharmacist?. Patient preference and adherence, 9, 1085-1092. Dungan, K. M. (2012). The effect of diabetes on hospital readmissions. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 6(5), 1045-1052. El-Gayar, O., Timsina, P., Nawar, N., Eid, W. (2013). Mobile applications for diabetes self-management: status and potential. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 7(1), 247-262. Haas, L., Maryniuk, M., Beck, J., Cox, C. E., Duker, P., Edwards, L., ... McLaughlin, S. (2012). National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. The Diabetes Educator, 38(5), 619-629. Henderson, J., Wilson, C., Roberts, L., Munt, R., Crotty, M. (2014). Social barriers to Type 2 diabetes self?management: the role of capital.Nursing inquiry, 21(4), 336-345. Houle, J., Lauzier-Jobin, F., Beaulieu, M. D., Meunier, S., Coulombe, S., Ct, J., ... Lambert, J. (2016). Socioeconomic status and glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a mediation analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 4(1), e000184. Huang, M., Zhao, R., Li, S., Jiang, X. (2014). Self-management behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey in western urban China. PloS one, 9(4), e95138. Hunt, C. W. (2015). Technology and diabetes self-management: An integrative review. World journal of diabetes, 6(2), 225-233. Keel, S., Foreman, J., Xie, J., van Wijngaarden, P., Taylor, H. R., Dirani, M. (2017). The Prevalence of Self-Reported Diabetes in the Australian National Eye Health Survey. PloS one, 12(1), e0169211. Kueh, Y. C., Morris, T., Borkoles, E., Shee, H. (2015). Modelling of diabetes knowledge, attitudes, self-management, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study with an Australian sample. Health and quality of life outcomes, 13(1), 129. Mohn, J., Graue, M., Assmus, J., Zoffmann, V., B Thordarson, H., Peyrot, M., Rokne, B. (2015). Self?reported diabetes self?management competence and support from healthcare providers in achieving autonomy are negatively associated with diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 32(11), 1513-1519. Miller, T. A., DiMatteo, M. R. (2013). Importance of family/social support and impact on adherence to diabetic therapy. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy, 6, 421-426. Rubin, D. J. (2015). Hospital readmission of patients with diabetes. Current diabetes reports, 15(4), 17. Shah, V. N., Garg, S. K. (2015). Managing diabetes in the digital age. Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology, 1(1), 16. Shigaki, C., Kruse, R. L., Mehr, D., Sheldon, K. M., Ge, B., Moore, C., Lemaster, J. (2010). Motivation and diabetes self-management. Chronic illness, 6(3), 202-214. Urowitz, S., Wiljer, D., Dupak, K., Kuehner, Z., Leonard, K., Lovrics, E., ... Cafazzo, J. (2012). Improving diabetes management with a patient portal: Qualitative study of a diabetes self-management portal. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(6). Wilkinson, A., Whitehead, L., Ritchie, L. (2014). Factors influencing the ability to self-manage diabetes for adults living with type 1 or 2 diabetes. International journal ofnursing studies, 51(1), 111-122.